diff --git a/server/cmd/migrate/main.go b/server/cmd/migrate/main.go
index 0205bfb8..5956c620 100644
--- a/server/cmd/migrate/main.go
+++ b/server/cmd/migrate/main.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 func main() {
 	dsn := flag.String("dsn", os.Getenv("COSMIC_CLASH_POSTGRES_DSN"), "PostgreSQL connection string")
 	directory := flag.String("dir", "migrations", "directory containing numbered SQL migrations")
+	rollback := flag.Int("rollback", 0, "roll back this many of the most recently applied migrations instead of applying forward")
 	flag.Parse()
 	if *dsn == "" {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "migrate: --dsn or COSMIC_CLASH_POSTGRES_DSN is required")
@@ -28,6 +29,14 @@ func main() {
 	defer db.Close()
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
+	if *rollback > 0 {
+		if err := migrations.Rollback(ctx, db, *directory, *rollback); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "migrate:", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("rolled back %d migration(s)\n", *rollback)
+		return
+	}
 	if err := migrations.Apply(ctx, db, *directory); err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "migrate:", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
diff --git a/server/migrations/down/0001_initial.sql b/server/migrations/down/0001_initial.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56f5cce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/migrations/down/0001_initial.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-- Down migration for 0001_initial.sql. Tables drop in FK-safe reverse
+-- dependency order (a child table always drops before anything it
+-- references); dropping a table drops its own indexes with it.
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS audit_events;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS outbox;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS result_receipts;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS penalties;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ranked_season_rollovers;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS seasons;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ratings;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS match_participants;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS matches;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS proposal_participants;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS proposals;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS queue_tickets;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS idempotency_keys;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sessions;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS identities;
diff --git a/server/migrations/down/0002_assignments.sql b/server/migrations/down/0002_assignments.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e30c080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/migrations/down/0002_assignments.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+-- Down migration for 0002_assignments.sql.
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS assignments;
diff --git a/server/migrations/down/0003_queue_probe_metadata.sql b/server/migrations/down/0003_queue_probe_metadata.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ca1624e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/migrations/down/0003_queue_probe_metadata.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+-- Down migration for 0003_queue_probe_metadata.sql.
+ALTER TABLE queue_tickets DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS predicted_rtt;
diff --git a/server/migrations/down/0004_allocator_registry.sql b/server/migrations/down/0004_allocator_registry.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90f4661a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/migrations/down/0004_allocator_registry.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- Down migration for 0004_allocator_registry.sql.
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS allocations;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS game_servers;
diff --git a/server/migrations/down/0005_proposal_match_plans.sql b/server/migrations/down/0005_proposal_match_plans.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c66e27f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/migrations/down/0005_proposal_match_plans.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-- Down migration for 0005_proposal_match_plans.sql.
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS proposal_participants_unique_slot;
+ALTER TABLE proposal_participants
+    DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS slot,
+    DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS team;
+ALTER TABLE proposals
+    DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS match_protocol,
+    DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS match_region;
diff --git a/server/migrations/down/0006_match_allocation_claims.sql b/server/migrations/down/0006_match_allocation_claims.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..471a43af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/migrations/down/0006_match_allocation_claims.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-- Down migration for 0006_match_allocation_claims.sql.
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS matches_allocating_claimable;
+ALTER TABLE matches
+    DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS matches_allocation_claim_pair,
+    DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS allocation_claimed_at,
+    DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS allocation_id;
diff --git a/server/migrations/runner.go b/server/migrations/runner.go
index cf10b0cb..fd12ec33 100644
--- a/server/migrations/runner.go
+++ b/server/migrations/runner.go
@@ -72,3 +72,76 @@ func Apply(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, directory string) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// Rollback reverses the `steps` most recently applied migrations, newest
+// first, by running each one's down file from the `down/` subdirectory of
+// `directory` (e.g. `down/0006_match_allocation_claims.sql` undoes
+// `0006_match_allocation_claims.sql`) and deleting its schema_migrations
+// marker. Each rollback is committed in its own transaction, same as Apply,
+// so a failure partway through leaves the schema at a consistent, resumable
+// state rather than a half-applied one. A missing down file for a migration
+// being rolled back is a hard error — better a stuck rollback than a schema
+// silently left half-reversed.
+func Rollback(ctx context.Context, db *sql.DB, directory string, steps int) error {
+	if db == nil || strings.TrimSpace(directory) == "" || steps <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("database, migration directory and a positive step count are required")
+	}
+	if _, err := db.ExecContext(ctx, migrationTableSQL); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create migration table: %w", err)
+	}
+	rows, err := db.QueryContext(ctx, `SELECT version FROM schema_migrations ORDER BY version DESC LIMIT $1`, steps)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list applied migrations: %w", err)
+	}
+	var versions []string
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var version string
+		if err := rows.Scan(&version); err != nil {
+			rows.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("scan applied migration: %w", err)
+		}
+		versions = append(versions, version)
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list applied migrations: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := rows.Close(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list applied migrations: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, version := range versions {
+		sqlBytes, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(directory, "down", version))
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read down migration for %s: %w", version, err)
+		}
+		tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("begin rollback %s: %w", version, err)
+		}
+		committed := false
+		defer func() {
+			if !committed {
+				_ = tx.Rollback()
+			}
+		}()
+		if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `SELECT pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext('cosmic-clash:migrations'))`); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("lock rollback %s: %w", version, err)
+		}
+		var applied bool
+		if err := tx.QueryRowContext(ctx, `SELECT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM schema_migrations WHERE version = $1)`, version).Scan(&applied); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("check rollback %s: %w", version, err)
+		}
+		if applied {
+			if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, string(sqlBytes)); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("apply down migration %s: %w", version, err)
+			}
+			if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, `DELETE FROM schema_migrations WHERE version = $1`, version); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unrecord migration %s: %w", version, err)
+			}
+		}
+		if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("commit rollback %s: %w", version, err)
+		}
+		committed = true
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/server/migrations/runner_test.go b/server/migrations/runner_test.go
index 48327443..d08f3381 100644
--- a/server/migrations/runner_test.go
+++ b/server/migrations/runner_test.go
@@ -13,3 +13,12 @@ func TestApplyRejectsMissingDatabaseOrDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("empty directory accepted")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRollbackRejectsMissingDatabaseDirectoryOrSteps(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := Rollback(context.Background(), nil, ".", 1); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("nil database accepted")
+	}
+	if err := Rollback(context.Background(), nil, "", 1); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("empty directory accepted")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/server/store/postgres_integration_test.go b/server/store/postgres_integration_test.go
index 9b2f3fdf..961ba55e 100644
--- a/server/store/postgres_integration_test.go
+++ b/server/store/postgres_integration_test.go
@@ -488,3 +488,64 @@ func TestPostgreSQLMigrationsAreForwardExecutable(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("assignments migration did not create its table")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestPostgreSQLMigrationsRollBackAndReapplyCleanly(t *testing.T) {
+	db := openIntegrationPostgres(t)
+	applyIntegrationMigrations(t, db)
+	dir := filepath.Join("..", "migrations")
+	tableExists := func(table string) bool {
+		var count int
+		if err := db.QueryRow(`SELECT count(*) FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public' AND table_name = $1`, table).Scan(&count); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		return count == 1
+	}
+	if !tableExists("assignments") || !tableExists("allocations") {
+		t.Fatal("expected forward-applied schema before rollback")
+	}
+
+	// Roll back every migration one at a time, in reverse, checking each
+	// down file actually undoes what its forward file created — not just
+	// that Rollback returns nil.
+	if err := migrations.Rollback(context.Background(), db, dir, 1); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("rollback 0006: %v", err)
+	}
+	var hasAllocationClaimColumn bool
+	if err := db.QueryRow(`SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = 'matches' AND column_name = 'allocation_id'`).Scan(&hasAllocationClaimColumn); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if hasAllocationClaimColumn {
+		t.Fatal("0006 rollback did not drop matches.allocation_id")
+	}
+
+	if err := migrations.Rollback(context.Background(), db, dir, 4); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("rollback remaining down to 0001: %v", err)
+	}
+	if tableExists("assignments") || tableExists("allocations") || tableExists("game_servers") {
+		t.Fatal("rollback left later-migration tables behind")
+	}
+
+	if err := migrations.Rollback(context.Background(), db, dir, 1); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("rollback 0001: %v", err)
+	}
+	if tableExists("identities") || tableExists("matches") {
+		t.Fatal("0001 rollback did not drop its own tables")
+	}
+	var remaining int
+	if err := db.QueryRow(`SELECT count(*) FROM schema_migrations`).Scan(&remaining); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if remaining != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected schema_migrations empty after full rollback, got %d rows", remaining)
+	}
+
+	// Reapplying from a fully rolled-back state must reach the same schema,
+	// proving down files don't leave orphaned state that trips a forward
+	// re-run (e.g. a constraint or index Apply then tries to recreate).
+	if err := migrations.Apply(context.Background(), db, dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("reapply after full rollback: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !tableExists("assignments") || !tableExists("allocations") {
+		t.Fatal("reapply after rollback did not recreate the schema")
+	}
+}